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The software configuration management (SCM) planning process includes defining the specific SCM roles and responsibilities for the project. This involves:

Role Identification: Identifying all roles related to SCM, such as SCM Manager, SCM Engineer, and Configuration Librarian.

Responsibility Assignment: Clearly defining the responsibilities associated with each role.

Documentation: Documenting these roles and responsibilities in the SCM plan to ensure clarity and accountability.

This step is crucial for establishing a clear framework for managing configuration items and changes throughout the project lifecycle.

'Software Configuration Management Patterns: Effective Teamwork, Practical Integration' by Stephen P. Berczuk and Brad Appleton

IEEE Standard for Software Configuration Management Plans (IEEE Std 828)

Software configuration status accounting involves the recording and reporting of information necessary for managing a software configuration. This includes tracking changes to configuration items, maintaining the integrity and traceability of the configuration throughout the software lifecycle, and ensuring that changes are documented and communicated. It is a crucial aspect of Configuration Management. Reference: IEEE Std 828-2012 - IEEE Standard for Configuration Management in Systems and Software Engineering.

A sprint retrospective is a meeting held at the end of a sprint in Agile methodologies, where the team reflects on the past sprint to identify and agree on continuous improvement actions. The goal is to improve the process, teamwork, and methods used in the project. This may result in action items aimed at making the next sprint more efficient and productive. Reference: Schwaber, Ken, and Sutherland, Jeff. 'The Scrum Guide'.

In the given diagram, each diamond represents a decision point, and each square represents a process step. Assuming the decisions and paths within the loop create unique paths, the complexity can be calculated as follows: if each decision point splits into 2 paths and there are nnn decision points within the loop, then the number of possible paths for one iteration can be represented as 2n2^n2n. Given that the loop executes 20 times, the total number of paths would be approximately (2n)20(2^n)^{20}(2n)20. Since there are multiple decision points, the complexity quickly escalates, leading to a very high number of possible paths, hence 1014 is a plausible approximation.

When specifying a software requirement, it is essential to consider how the requirement might be validated. Validation ensures that the software meets the needs and requirements of the stakeholders and functions as intended in the real-world environment. Without proper validation criteria, it would be challenging to confirm whether the software fulfills its intended purpose.

'Software Requirements' by Karl E. Wiegers and Joy Beatty

IEEE Standard 830-1998 for Software Requirements Specifications