Most Recent BCS CISMP-V9 Exam Questions & Answers

The effectiveness of a security awareness program can be measured through various methods that assess both the knowledge and behavior of employees regarding security practices.

Online multiple choice exam on security principles: This method evaluates the employees' understanding of the security principles they have been taught. It's a direct measure of their knowledge and retention.

Testing with social engineering techniques by an approved penetration tester: This practical approach tests employees' reactions to real-life security threats, such as phishing or pretexting, which can indicate the effectiveness of the training in changing behavior.

Open source intelligence gathering on staff social media profiles: This method can reveal whether employees are adhering to security policies by not disclosing sensitive information publicly.

Option 3 is not a direct measure of a security awareness program's effectiveness, as practicing ethical hacking techniques is more about skills development rather than assessing awareness. Option 4, while important, does not directly measure the effectiveness of the security awareness program but rather the overall security posture of the organization.

The cryptographic protocol that preceded Transport Layer Security (TLS) is Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). SSL was the standard security protocol designed to provide communications security over a computer network before TLS was introduced. TLS evolved from SSL, with the first version of TLS (1.0) being developed as SSL version 3.1.However, the name was changed to TLS to indicate that it was no longer associated with Netscape, the company that developed SSL123.

SSL was used from 1994 until it was deprecated in 2015 by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) due to security vulnerabilities.Before its deprecation, TLS was already being used as a backup protocol for SSL 3.0 and quickly became the successor to SSL3. This transition highlights the continuous effort to improve cryptographic protocols to ensure secure communications over the internet.

The term 'vulnerability' within the context of ISO/IEC 27000 refers to any weakness present in an asset or group of assets that could potentially be exploited by one or more threats. This definition aligns with the concept of vulnerability as a gap in protection efforts that, if not addressed, could allow a threat to compromise the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of an asset. It is important to note that vulnerabilities can be identified in various components of an organization's infrastructure, including hardware, software, processes, and even personnel. Effective information security management involves identifying these vulnerabilities through risk assessments and implementing appropriate controls to mitigate the risk of exploitation.

Access controls are essential in information security for ensuring that resources are available to authorized users and protected from unauthorized access. The methods of access control can be categorized as follows:

Detective: These controls are designed to identify and record unauthorized access attempts. They do not prevent access but are useful for auditing and monitoring purposes.

Physical: Physical controls are tangible measures taken to protect assets, such as locks, fences, and security guards.

Preventive: Preventive controls are designed to stop unauthorized access before it happens. This includes mechanisms like passwords, biometric scans, and encryption.

The combination of detective, physical, and preventive controls provides a robust framework for managing access to sensitive information and systems. Reactive controls are not typically classified as access controls since they deal with responding to incidents after they occur, and virtual controls are not a recognized category in this context.

The standard that deals specifically with the implementation of business continuity is ISO 22301, which is internationally recognized. It outlines the requirements for a business continuity management system (BCMS), which provides a framework for organizations to update, control, and deploy an effective BCMS that helps them to be prepared and respond effectively to disruptions. ISO/IEC 27001 is related to information security management systems (ISMS) and while it includes aspects of business continuity, it is not solely focused on it. COBIT is a framework for developing, implementing, monitoring, and improving IT governance and management practices, and BS5750 is a standard for quality management systems, now superseded by ISO 9000 series.