Which of the following documents should be consulted if a client has an issue accepting a penetration test report that was provided?
The Rules of Engagement (RoE) document is crucial when there's a dispute or issue with accepting a penetration test report. The RoE outlines the scope, methods, timing, legal considerations, and objectives of a penetration test. It serves as a guideline for both the client and the testing team on what is expected and permissible during the assessment. If there are issues with the report, referring back to the agreed-upon RoE can clarify whether the test was conducted within the agreed parameters and help resolve any disputes.
The signed authorization letter, statement of work, and non-disclosure agreement are also important documents but are more related to the permission, scope of work, and confidentiality aspects of the engagement, respectively, rather than the specifics of how the test was to be conducted, which is what the RoE covers.
After performing a web penetration test, a security consultant is ranking the findings by criticality. Which of the following standards or methodologies would be best for the consultant to use for reference?
After performing a web penetration test, using the OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project) standards or methodologies would be the best choice for ranking the findings by criticality. OWASP is renowned for its comprehensive documentation and guidelines on web application security, including the well-known OWASP Top 10 list, which outlines the ten most critical web application security risks. This makes it an ideal reference for categorizing and prioritizing vulnerabilities discovered during a web penetration test.
While MITRE ATT&CK, PTES (Penetration Testing Execution Standard), and NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) provide valuable frameworks and methodologies for cybersecurity, OWASP's focus on web applications specifically makes it the most suitable for this context.
A penetration tester captures SMB network traffic and discovers that users are mistyping the name of a fileshare server. This causes the workstations to send out requests attempting to resolve the fileshare server's name. Which of the following is the best way for a penetration tester to exploit this situation?
In the scenario where users are mistyping the name of a fileshare server, leading to broadcast requests, the most effective exploitation strategy would be for the penetration tester to respond to these requests with their own IP address (D) and set up a service to capture authentication credentials. This technique is known as a 'Man-in-the-Middle' (MitM) attack, where the attacker intercepts communication between two parties. In this case, the tester can exploit the misdirected requests to potentially capture sensitive information such as usernames and passwords.
During a security assessment of a web application, a penetration tester was able to generate the following application response:
Unclosed quotation mark after the character string Incorrect syntax near ".
Which of the following is the most probable finding?
The error message 'Unclosed quotation mark after the character string Incorrect syntax near '.' suggests that the application is vulnerable to SQL Injection (A). This type of vulnerability occurs when an attacker is able to inject malicious SQL queries into an application's database query. The error message indicates that the application's input handling allows for the manipulation of the underlying SQL queries, which can lead to unauthorized data access, data modification, and other database-related attacks.
A penetration tester approaches a company employee in the smoking area and starts a conversation about the company's recent social event. After a few minutes, the employee holds the badge-protected door open for the penetration tester and both enter the company's building. Which of the following attacks did the penetration tester perform?
In this scenario, the penetration tester performed a 'Tailgating' attack (D), where the tester follows closely behind a legitimate employee to gain unauthorized access to a secure area without being noticed. This social engineering technique relies on exploiting human tendencies to be polite or avoid confrontation, rather than using technical hacking methods. The tester engaged the employee in casual conversation to appear less suspicious and took advantage of the situation when the employee, perhaps distracted or feeling socially obliged, held the door open for them.
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