Most Recent Eccouncil 112-51 Exam Questions & Answers

Two-factor authentication (2FA) is a type of authentication that requires users to provide two or more forms of verification to access an online account. 2FA is a multi-layered security measure designed to prevent hackers from accessing user accounts using stolen or shared credentials. 2FA typically combines something the user knows (such as a password or PIN), something the user has (such as a phone or a token), and/or something the user is (such as a fingerprint or a face scan). In the above scenario, the banking application employs 2FA by asking Kevin to enter his registered credentials (something he knows) and an OTP sent to his mobile (something he has) before transferring the amount to Flora's account. Reference:

Improve Your Cybersecurity with Password MFA - Defense.com

What Is Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)? | Microsoft Security

Selecting Secure Multi-factor Authentication Solutions

A hot backup is a type of backup mechanism that dynamically backs up the data even if the system or application resources are being used. A hot backup does not require the system or application to be shut down or paused during the backup process, and it allows the users to access the data while the backup is in progress. A hot backup ensures that the backup is always up to date and consistent with the current state of the data, and it minimizes the downtime and disruption of the system or application services. A hot backup is suitable for systems or applications that have high availability and performance requirements, such as databases, web servers, or email servers. A hot backup is the type of backup mechanism that Clark implemented in the above scenario, as he performed a backup that dynamically backs up the data even if the system or application resources are being used. Reference:

Hot Backup - Week 5: Data Security

Hot Backup vs. Cold Backup: What's the Difference?

Network Defense Essentials (NDE) | Coursera - Module 5: Data Security

SIEM stands for Security Information and Event Management. It is a security solution that collects, analyzes, and correlates data from various sources, such as logs, network devices, applications, and security tools. SIEM provides real-time monitoring, threat detection, and security incident response activities. SIEM can help security professionals identify and mitigate security risks, comply with regulations, and improve the overall security posture of the organization12. Reference: Network Defense Essentials - EC-Council Learning, What is SIEM? Security Information and Event Management Explained

A VPN protocol is a component of VPN that is used to manage tunnels and encapsulate private data. A VPN protocol defines the rules and standards for establishing and maintaining a secure connection between the VPN client and the VPN server. A VPN protocol also specifies how the data is encrypted, authenticated, and transmitted over the tunnel. Some common VPN protocols are IPSec, SSL/TLS, PPTP, L2TP, and OpenVPN12. Reference: Network Defense Essentials - EC-Council Learning, VPN Protocols Explained & Compared: OpenVPN, IPSec, PPTP, IKEv2

Onsite data backup is the backup mechanism that is performed within the organization using external devices such as hard disks and requires human interaction to perform the backup operations, thus, making it susceptible to theft or natural disasters. Onsite data backup means storing the backup data on a local storage device, such as an external hard drive, a USB flash drive, a CD/DVD, or a tape drive, that is physically located in the same premises as the original data source. Onsite data backup has some advantages, such as fast backup and restore speed, easy access, and low cost. However, it also has some disadvantages, such as requiring manual intervention, occupying physical space, and being vulnerable to damage, loss, or theft. If a disaster, such as a fire, flood, earthquake, or power outage, occurs in the organization, both the original data and the backup data may be destroyed or inaccessible. Therefore, onsite data backup is not a reliable or secure way to protect the data from unforeseen events. Reference:

Should I Use an External Hard Drive for Backup in 2024?, Cloudwards, February 8, 2024

How to Back Up a Computer to an External Hard Drive, Lifewire, April 1, 2022

Best Way to Backup Multiple Computers to One External Drive, AOMEI, December 29, 2020