Most Recent GitHub-Foundations Exam Questions & Answers

In GitHub, an organization member is a user who has been added to an organization and is subject to the organization's base permissions and policies. An outside collaborator is a user who is not a member of the organization but has been granted access to one or more repositories within the organization.

Here's the difference between an organization member and an outside collaborator:

Organization Members:

Members are subject to the organization's base permissions, which apply across all repositories within the organization. These permissions might include read, write, or admin access, depending on what has been set as the default.

Members consume paid licenses if the organization is on a paid plan.

Members are required to have two-factor authentication (2FA) if the organization enforces it.

Outside Collaborators:

Outside collaborators do not have organization-wide permissions. They only have access to specific repositories to which they have been granted permission. This means organization base permissions do not apply to them (making option A correct).

Outside collaborators do not consume paid licenses. They are only counted toward the license if they are made organization members.

Outside collaborators can be granted any level of permission, including the admin role on specific repositories.

Two-factor authentication (2FA) can be enforced for outside collaborators at the repository level, depending on the organization's security settings.

Given this information, option A is the correct answer: 'Organization base permissions do not apply to outside collaborators.'

GitHub Documentation: Roles in an organization

GitHub Documentation: About outside collaborators

GitHub Documentation: Managing repository access for your organization

GitHub Teams, as part of GitHub's paid plans, offers additional features and capabilities compared to GitHub Free, particularly for organizations.

GitHub Teams Benefits:

Option B is correct because GitHub Teams provides advanced security features like SAML single sign-on for secure authentication, as well as increased minutes for running GitHub Actions, which are essential for continuous integration and deployment workflows.

Incorrect Options:

Option A is incorrect because private repositories and advanced tools are features available, but the key differentiator in this context is the SAML SSO and additional GitHub Actions minutes.

Option C is incorrect because while expanded storage and priority support are valuable, SAML SSO and increased GitHub Actions minutes are more central to the differences between GitHub Free and GitHub Teams.

Option D is partially correct, but since the question asks for the best reason, Option B provides the most critical features that differentiate GitHub Teams from GitHub Free.

GitHub Docs: About GitHub Teams

To contribute to a GitHub repository, a user typically needs to be able to create branches, push changes, and open pull requests. These actions require Write access, which is the minimum level of access needed to contribute code directly to a repository.

Write Access:

Option D is correct because 'Write' access allows users to contribute to the repository by pushing changes, creating branches, and opening pull requests. This is the minimum required access level for contributing code.

Incorrect Options:

Option A (Read) is incorrect because 'Read' access only allows viewing the repository, not making changes.

Option B (Triage) is incorrect because while Triage access allows managing issues and pull requests, it does not allow pushing code.

Option C (Maintain) is incorrect because 'Maintain' access includes additional permissions beyond those needed for basic contributions, such as managing repository settings.

GitHub Docs: Repository Roles for an Organization

The following two-factor authentication (2FA) methods can be used to secure a GitHub account:

A . Authenticator app: You can use an authenticator app (like Google Authenticator or Authy) to generate time-based one-time passwords (TOTP) for logging in.

C . GitHub mobile: The GitHub mobile app can also be used to receive 2FA codes, adding convenience for users who prefer to manage everything from their mobile devices.

D . Security keys: Physical security keys (such as YubiKeys) can be used as a strong form of 2FA, requiring physical access to the key to authenticate.

Security questions and Single sign-on (SSO) are not considered 2FA methods in the context of GitHub account security.

The terms Alpha and Beta are often used in software development to describe different stages of feature testing and release.

Alpha Features:

Option A is correct because Alpha features are typically in the early stages of development and are not available to the public. They are usually tested internally or by a limited audience.

Incorrect Options:

Option B is incorrect because Alpha features are often undocumented as they are in the early development phase.

Option C is incorrect because Alpha and Beta features usually do not offer Service Level Agreements (SLAs) due to their experimental nature.

Option D is incorrect because Beta features might offer limited support, but it is not guaranteed, especially compared to fully released features.

GitHub Docs: About Feature Previews