Most Recent ISC2 CISSP Exam Dumps

The best method to prevent the problem of malicious actions by a user account that was used by multiple people at multiple locations simultaneously for various services and applications in the future is to ensure each user has their own unique account. A user account is a record or a profile that identifies and authenticates a user and grants them access rights and privileges to the organization's resources and systems. A user account should be unique and personal, meaning that it should belong to and be used by only one individual user, and that it should reflect the user's identity and role within the organization. Ensuring each user has their own unique account can prevent the problem of malicious actions by a user account that was used by multiple people at multiple locations simultaneously for various services and applications in the future, because it can:

Improve the accountability and the traceability of the user actions, as each user can be linked and attributed to their own account and activities, and any malicious or unauthorized actions can be detected and investigated more easily and accurately.

Enhance the security and the privacy of the user data and information, as each user can have their own password and encryption keys, and any sensitive or confidential data or information can be protected and isolated from other users or parties.

Enforce the principle of least privilege and the segregation of duties, as each user can have their own access rights and privileges, and any excessive or conflicting access rights or privileges can be avoided or restricted.

The other options are not the best methods to prevent the problem of malicious actions by a user account that was used by multiple people at multiple locations simultaneously for various services and applications in the future. Ensuring the security information and event management (SIEM) is set to alert is not a method to prevent the problem, but rather a tool or a technique to monitor and identify the problem, as SIEM is a system that collects, analyzes, and correlates the security events and logs from various sources and systems, and provides alerts and reports on any anomalies, incidents, or threats. Informing users only one user should be using the account at a time is not a method to prevent the problem, but rather a policy or a guideline to regulate the problem, and it may not be effective or enforceable, as users may still share or misuse the account for various reasons or purposes. Allowing several users to share a generic account is not a method to prevent the problem, but rather a practice or a behavior that causes or contributes to the problem, as it reduces the accountability and the traceability of the user actions, compromises the security and the privacy of the user data and information, and violates the principle of least privilege and the segregation of duties.Reference:CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 5: Communication and Network Security, page 615.Official (ISC)2 CISSP CBK Reference, Fifth Edition, Chapter 5: Communication and Network Security, page 616.

The primary purpose for an organization to conduct a security audit is to ensure that the organization is applying security controls to mitigate identified risks. A security audit is a systematic and independent examination of the security posture and performance of an organization, system, or network, against a set of predefined criteria, standards, or regulations. A security audit can help to ensure that the organization is applying security controls to mitigate identified risks, by evaluating the effectiveness and adequacy of the security controls and measures that are implemented on the organization, system, or network, and by identifying and resolving any security issues or gaps that may expose the organization, system, or network to various security threats and risks. A security audit can also help to provide recommendations and solutions to improve the security posture and performance of the organization, system, or network, as well as to demonstrate the compliance and accountability of the organization with the relevant security policies and regulations. To ensure the organization is adhering to a well-defined standard, to ensure the organization is configuring information systems efficiently, or to ensure the organization is documenting findings are not the primary purposes for an organization to conduct a security audit, as they are more related to the quality, optimization, or reporting aspects of security.Reference:CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 18: Security Assessment and Testing, page 1001;CISSP Official (ISC)2 Practice Tests, Third Edition, Domain 6: Security Assessment and Testing, Question 6.1, page 243.

The action that an organization that shares card holder information with a service provider must do when dealing with compliance with the Payment Card Industry-Data Security Standard (PCI-DSS) is to validate the service provider's PCI-DSS compliance status on a regular basis. PCI-DSS is a set of security standards that applies to any organization that stores, processes, or transmits card holder data, such as credit or debit card information. PCI-DSS aims to protect the card holder data from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, or theft, and to ensure the security and integrity of the payment transactions. If an organization shares card holder data with a service provider, such as a payment processor, a hosting provider, or a cloud provider, the organization is still responsible for the security and compliance of the card holder data, and must ensure that the service provider also meets the PCI-DSS requirements. The organization must validate the service provider's PCI-DSS compliance status on a regular basis, by obtaining and reviewing the service provider's PCI-DSS assessment reports, such as the Self-Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ), the Report on Compliance (ROC), or the Attestation of Compliance (AOC). Performing a service provider PCI-DSS assessment on a yearly basis, validating that the service provider's security policies are in alignment with those of the organization, and ensuring that the service provider updates and tests its Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP) on a yearly basis are not the actions that an organization that shares card holder information with a service provider must do when dealing with compliance with PCI-DSS, as they are not sufficient or relevant to verify the service provider's PCI-DSS compliance status or to protect the card holder data.Reference:CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 1, Security and Risk Management, page 49.Official (ISC)2 CISSP CBK Reference, Fifth Edition, Chapter 1, Security and Risk Management, page 64.

The requirement that must be met during internal security audits to ensure that all information provided is expressed as an objective assessment without risk of retaliation is that the auditor must be independent and report directly to the management. An internal security audit is a process that involves the examination or evaluation of the security policies, procedures, or practices of an organization, by an internal auditor or a team of internal auditors, to identify or detect any security gaps, weaknesses, or issues, as well as to provide or recommend any security improvements, enhancements, or solutions. An internal security audit can help to ensure the security, compliance, or performance of the organization, as well as to protect the organization from various security threats or risks, such as unauthorized access, data leakage, or malware infection. However, an internal security audit can also face various challenges, difficulties, or biases, such as conflicts of interest, lack of cooperation, or resistance to change, that may affect the quality, accuracy, or reliability of the audit results or findings, as well as the implementation, acceptance, or effectiveness of the audit recommendations or suggestions. Therefore, an internal security audit should be conducted with integrity, objectivity, or professionalism, by following various security standards, guidelines, or best practices. The requirement that must be met during internal security audits to ensure that all information provided is expressed as an objective assessment without risk of retaliation is that the auditor must be independent and report directly to the management. The auditor must be independent, which means that the auditor must not have any personal, professional, or financial relationship or interest with the auditee or the subject of the audit, that may compromise or influence the auditor's judgment, opinion, or decision. The auditor must also report directly to the management, which means that the auditor must communicate or deliver the audit results or findings to the highest level of authority or responsibility in the organization, such as the board of directors, the executive committee, or the senior management, without any interference, manipulation, or censorship from any other party or stakeholder. The auditor must be independent and report directly to the management, to ensure that all information provided is expressed as an objective assessment, which means that the information is based on facts, evidence, or data, rather than on opinions, assumptions, or emotions, and without risk of retaliation, which means that the information is provided without fear, pressure, or intimidation from any party or stakeholder, that may harm, punish, or discourage the auditor for providing the information. The auditor must utilize automated tools to back their findings, the auditor must work closely with both the information technology (IT) and security sections of an organization, or the auditor must perform manual reviews of systems and processes are not the requirements that must be met during internal security audits to ensure that all information provided is expressed as an objective assessment without risk of retaliation, as they are either more related to the methods, techniques, or tools that are used or applied by the auditor during the audit process, rather than the principles, standards, or practices that are followed or adhered by the auditor during the audit process, or to the relationships, interactions, or collaborations that are established or maintained by the auditor with the other parties or stakeholders during the audit process, rather than the independence, objectivity, or professionalism that are demonstrated or exhibited by the auditor during the audit process.Reference:CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 7: Security Operations, page 484;CISSP Official (ISC)2 Practice Tests, Third Edition, Domain 7: Security Operations, Question 7.13, page 276.

The step in the disaster recovery plan (DRP) that will list the greatest duration of time for the service to be fully operational is to update the Domain Name System (DNS) server addresses with the domain registrar. DNS is a system that translates domain names, such as www.example.com, into IP addresses, such as 192.168.1.1, and vice versa. DNS enables users to access websites or services by using human-readable names, rather than numerical addresses. A domain registrar is an entity that manages the registration and reservation of domain names, and that maintains the records of the domain names and their corresponding DNS servers. A DNS server is a server that stores and provides the DNS records for a domain name, such as the IP address, the mail server, or the name server. In a disaster recovery scenario, where the primary website or service is unavailable or inaccessible due to a disaster, such as a fire, a flood, or a cyberattack, the DRP may involve switching to a backup or an alternate website or service that is hosted on a different location or a different provider. In order to do that, the DRP must update the DNS server addresses with the domain registrar, so that the domain name of the website or service points to the new IP address of the backup or the alternate website or service. However, this step may take a long time, as it depends on the propagation or the update of the DNS records across the internet, which may vary from a few minutes to a few days. Therefore, this step will list the greatest duration of time for the service to be fully operational, as it may cause a significant delay or downtime for the users or the customers. Updating the Network Address Translation (NAT) table, the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) autonomous system number, or the web server network adapter configuration are not the steps in the DRP that will list the greatest duration of time for the service to be fully operational, as they are not related to the DNS server addresses or the domain registrar. NAT is a technique that converts or maps the private IP addresses of the internal network devices, such as 192.168.1.1, to the public IP addresses of the internet, such as 203.0.113.1, and vice versa. NAT enables the internal network devices to communicate with the external network devices, and to share a single public IP address. BGP is a protocol that exchanges or advertises the routing information or the paths between different autonomous systems or networks on the internet, such as ISPs, cloud providers, or enterprises. BGP enables the optimal and efficient routing of the network traffic across the internet. A web server network adapter is a hardware device that connects the web server to the network, and that enables the web server to send or receive the network packets, such as HTTP requests or responses. Updating the NAT table, the BGP autonomous system number, or the web server network adapter configuration may be part of the DRP, but they will not list the greatest duration of time for the service to be fully operational, as they can be done quickly or locally, and they do not depend on the propagation or the update of the DNS records across the internet.Reference:Official (ISC)2 Guide to the CISSP CBK, Fifth Edition, Chapter 19: Security Operations, page 1869.