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The questions for ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor were last updated on Apr 2, 2025.
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You are an ISMS audit team leader assigned by your certification body to carry out a follow-up audit of a Data Centre client.
According to ISO 19011:2018, the purpose of a follow-up audit is to verify which one of the following?
The purpose of a follow-up audit is to verify the completion and effectiveness of corrective actions taken by the auditee in response to the nonconformities identified in a previous audit1. A follow-up audit is a type of audit that is conducted after an initial audit, and it focuses on the specific areas where nonconformities were found and corrective actions were agreed upon2. A follow-up audit can be conducted as a separate audit or as part of a scheduled audit, depending on the nature and severity of the nonconformities and the audit programme objectives3.
The other options are not the purpose of a follow-up audit, but rather the purpose of other types of audits. For example:
* Option A is the purpose of a performance audit, which is a type of audit that evaluates the effectiveness of the management system in achieving its intended results4.
* Option B is the purpose of a compliance audit, which is a type of audit that verifies the conformity of the management system with the specified requirements, such as the ISMS objectives5.
* Option C is the purpose of a process audit, which is a type of audit that examines the inputs, activities, outputs, and interactions of a specific process within the management system, such as the risk treatment process.
Scenario 3: Rebuildy is a construction company located in Bangkok.. Thailand, that specializes in designing, building, and maintaining residential buildings. To ensure the security of sensitive project data and client information, Rebuildy decided to implement an ISMS based on ISO/IEC 27001. This included a comprehensive understanding of information security risks, a defined continual improvement approach, and robust business solutions.
The ISMS implementation outcomes are presented below
* Information security is achieved by applying a set of security controls and establishing policies, processes, and procedures.
* Security controls are implemented based on risk assessment and aim to eliminate or reduce risks to an acceptable level.
* All processes ensure the continual improvement of the ISMS based on the plan-do-check-act (PDCA) model.
* The information security policy is part of a security manual drafted based on best security practices Therefore, it is not a stand-alone document.
* Information security roles and responsibilities have been clearly stated in every employees job description
* Management reviews of the ISMS are conducted at planned intervals.
Rebuildy applied for certification after two midterm management reviews and one annual internal audit Before the certification audit one of Rebuildy's former employees approached one of the audit team members to tell them that Rebuildy has several security problems that the company is trying to conceal. The former employee presented the documented evidence to the audit team member Electra, a key client of Rebuildy, also submitted evidence on the same issues, and the auditor determined to retain this evidence instead of the former employee's. The audit team member remained in contact with Electra until the audit was completed, discussing the nonconformities found during the audit. Electra provided additional evidence to support these findings.
At the beginning of the audit, the audit team interviewed the company's top management They discussed, among other things, the top management's commitment to the ISMS implementation. The evidence obtained from these discussions was documented in written confirmation, which was used to determine Rebuildy's conformity to several clauses of ISO/IEC 27001
The documented evidence obtained from Electra was attached to the audit report, along with the nonconformities report. Among others, the following nonconformities were detected:
* An instance of improper user access control settings was detected within the company's financial reporting system.
* A stand-alone information security policy has not been established. Instead, the company uses a security manual drafted based on best security practices.
After receiving these documents from the audit team, the team leader met Rebuildy's top management to present the audit findings. The audit team reported the findings related to the financial reporting system and the lack of a stand-alone information security policy. The top management expressed dissatisfaction with the findings and suggested that the audit team leader's conduct was unprofessional, implying they might request a replacement. Under pressure, the audit team leader decided to cooperate with top management to downplay the significance of the detected nonconformities. Consequently, the audit team leader adjusted the report to present a more favorable view, thus misrepresenting the true extent of Rebuildy's compliance issues.
Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:
Based on Scenario 3, the audit team used information obtained from interviews with top management to determine Rebuildy's conformity to several ISO/IEC 27001 clauses. Is this acceptable?
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
B . Correct Answer:
Audit evidence can come from interviews, observations, and documentation.
Verbal evidence from top management is acceptable if documented and confirmed in writing.
A . Incorrect:
ISO 19011 allows verbal evidence as long as it is substantiated.
C . Incorrect:
Interviews alone are not sufficient---additional verification is required.
Relevant Standard Reference:
Integrity of data means
Integrity of data means accuracy and completeness of the data. Integrity is one of the three main objectives of information security, along with confidentiality and availability. Integrity ensures that information and systems are not corrupted, modified, or deleted by unauthorized actions or events. Data should be viewable at all times is not related to integrity, but to availability. Data should be accessed by only the right people is not related to integrity, but to confidentiality.Reference:: CQI & IRCA ISO 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Course Handbook, page 24. : [ISO/IEC 27001 Brochures | PECB], page 4.
You are conducting an Information Security Management System audit in the despatch department of an international
logistics organisation that provides shipping services to large organisations including local hospitals and government offices.
Parcels typically contain pharmaceutical products, biological samples and documents such as passports and driving licences.
You note that the company records show a very large number of returned items with causes including misaddressed labels
and, in 15% of cases, two or more labels for different addresses for the one package. You are interviewing the Shipping
Manager (SM).
You: Are items checked before being dispatched?
SM: Any obviously damaged items are removed by the duty staff before being dispatched, but the small profit margin makes
it uneconomic to implement a formal checking process.
You: What action is taken when items are returned?
SM: Most of these contracts are relatively low value, therefore it has been decided that it is easier and more convenient to
simply reprint the label and re-send individual parcels than it is to implement an investigation.
You raise a non-conformity against clause 8.1 of ISO 27001:2022.
Which one option below that best describes the non-conformity you have identified?
The non-conformity you have identified relates to the organization's failure to implement adequate operational controls to ensure that service and regulatory requirements for data protection are met. This situation is particularly critical given the nature of the items being shipped, which include sensitive medical information and government documents. The fact that 15% of returned parcels have labels for different addresses, potentially exposing sensitive information to incorrect recipients, underscores the lack of effective information security practices.
The best description of the non-conformity, based on the details provided and the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001:2022, particularly clause 8.1 which deals with operational planning and control, would be:
C . The organisation does not have an effective process in place that ensures service requirements and regulatory requirements for data protection are met. Records show that 15% of returned parcels have disclosed information intended for another party to the recipient (which may include sensitive medical information or government department communications) without adequate operational controls to meet information security requirements.
This option accurately captures the essence of the non-conformity by highlighting the lack of effective operational controls to protect sensitive information, leading to potential unauthorized disclosure of information intended for another party. This is a direct violation of information security management principles, particularly those related to the protection of confidentiality and integrity of information as mandated by ISO/IEC 27001:2022.
You are an ISMS audit team leader tasked with conducting a follow-up audit at a client's data centre. Following two days on-site you conclude that of the original 12 minor and 1 major nonconformities that prompted the follow-up audit, only 1 minor nonconformity still remains outstanding.
Select four options for the actions you could take.
The four options for the actions you could take are A, C, F, and G. These options are consistent with the guidance and requirements of ISO 19011:2018, Clause 6.712. You could agree with the auditee/audit client how the remaining nonconformity will be cleared, by when, and how its clearance will be verified (A), and document the agreement in the audit report1. You could close the follow-up audit as the organisation has demonstrated it is committed to clearing the nonconformities raised , and report the outcome to the audit client and other relevant parties1. You could note the progress made but hold the audit open until all corrective action has been cleared (F), and determine the need for another follow-up audit or other actions1. You could also advise the individual managing the audit programme of any decision taken regarding the outstanding nonconformity (G), as they are responsible for the overall management and coordination of the audit programme3. The other options are either not appropriate or not necessary for the situation. You should not recommend that the outstanding minor nonconformity is dealt with at the next surveillance audit (B), as this may compromise the audit objectives and the audit programme1. You should not recommend suspension of the organisation's certification as they have failed to implement the agreed corrections and corrective actions within the agreed timescale (D), as this is not within your role or authority as an ISMS auditor4. You should not advise the auditee that you will arrange for the next audit to be an online audit to deal with the outstanding nonconformity (E), as this may not be feasible or effective depending on the nature and complexity of the nonconformity1. You should not conduct an unannounced follow-up audit on-site to review the one outstanding minor nonconformity once it has been cleared (H), as this may not be in accordance with the audit agreement or the audit programme1. Reference: 1: ISO 19011:2018, Guidelines for auditing management systems, Clause 6.7 \n2: PECB Certified ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor Exam Preparation Guide, Domain 6: Closing an ISO/IEC 27001 audit \n3: ISO 19011:2018, Guidelines for auditing management systems, Clause 5.3 \n4: ISO/IEC 27006:2022, Information technology --- Security techniques --- Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of information security management systems, Clause 9.6
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